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Much like sea lions, Galapagos Lava Lizards are another species that visitors to the islands are likely to encounter, though they are far less conspicuous. A significant population of these lizards can be found on all the main Galapagos Islands, except for Darwin, Wolf, and Genovesa islands.
Overview
Darwin’s finches and the Galapagos Lava Lizards are often regarded as quintessential examples of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. The idea that all seven species evolved from a common ancestor is strongly supported by the observation that each species shows only subtle differences in morphology, coloration, and behavior,
Furthermore, each of the six species is found exclusively on one island, with six out of the seven species inhabiting six distinct islands. This suggests that each species evolved independently, separated by physical barriers and unable to interbreed. The seventh species presents a more fascinating case as it resides on both the western and central islands. Scientists believe these islands were once connected during periods of low sea levels. Consequently, this species likely evolved in isolation over a vast area before fragmenting into multiple island populations.
Despite the minor differences among these lizard species, it would be nearly impossible to tell them apart if they did not inhabit separate islands. Typically measuring around 5 to 6 inches long, these lizards have elongated tails, slim bodies, and pointed heads, though they can grow up to a foot in length. They exhibit variation not only in size, color, and patterns between species but also within each species.
Some lizards boast vivid colors, including golden lines and copper flecks. However, their coloration can vary significantly, from shades of gray to green, brown, or black. While females can often be identified by their red throats, males are generally larger and more colorful. These differences are typically influenced by the specific environment in which each lizard lives.
Defensive Strategies of Galapagos Lava Lizards
The Galapagos Lava Lizards boasts two highly effective defense mechanisms against predators. The first and simplest is camouflage: their ability to change color helps them blend seamlessly into their environment when faced with danger or temperature changes. Another fascinating trait is their ability to detach their tail if caught by a predator. This allows the lizard to escape while the detached, wriggling tail distracts the predator.
Although Galapagos Lava Lizards’ tails can regrow, they rarely achieve their original length. Longer tails are believed to attract potential mates, so losing a tail might reduce their chances of reproduction. However, this self-defense mechanism is crucial for survival, potentially extending their lifespan by up to 10 years.
Though they might appear unremarkable, these lizards play a crucial role in controlling populations of various insects, such as moths, flies, beetles, spiders, ants, and painted locusts. During dry spells, they have also been seen eating vegetation. Unlike many other animals in the Galapagos Islands, the Lava Lizard has not been significantly affected by intense El Niño events and global warming due to its varied diet.
Fortunately, aside from the introduction of non-native predators such as dogs, rats, and cats, the species faces no significant threats. You can easily find them on islands like Isabela, Santiago, Fernandina, North Seymour, Española, Floreana, and San Cristobal. Be sure to explore our itineraries that feature these islands!
Behavior
Despite their approachable nature and lack of fear towards humans, Galapagos Lava Lizards are staunch defenders of their own kind. Males typically patrol a 400-square-meter territory that encompasses several females’ domains. To ward off intruders, male lizards engage in conspicuous “push-up” displays, asserting dominance and marking their presence. They also bob their heads to deter rival males from encroaching on their turf. If these warnings fail, physical confrontations escalate to biting and tail-slapping. Female lizards, though less aggressive, also perform “push-ups” to protect their areas.
During the peak of the warm mating season, these dramatic displays escalate as males strive to mate with every female passing through their territory, fiercely guarding them from rival males. Females produce three to six pea-sized eggs each month, which they bury deep in the ground. Depending on the species, these eggs incubate underground, and the young must fend for themselves until they emerge 3 to 12 months later.
Reviewed and Photograph by Francisco Dousdebés
